State guides

State minimum car insurance requirements

Every US jurisdiction, with the statute or state Department of Insurance that establishes the requirement. The number next to each state is the bodily-injury per person / bodily-injury per accident / property-damage per accident liability floor. Scroll to any state for its PIP, uninsured-motorist, and no-fault treatment plus the link to its state page.

Reviewed October 16, 2026. Minimums change; a star marker indicates a figure updated or scheduled since 2025.

Minimum coverage is a floor, not a recommendation. Statutory minimums are what the state allows you to drive with legally, not what will protect you after a serious at-fault accident. A single hospital stay routinely exceeds the per-person bodily-injury floor in every US state. See /car-insurance/coverage/liability for how to size liability to your situation and /car-insurance/coverage/full-coverage for when state minimums are not enough.

All 51 jurisdictions at a glance

State	BI / BI / PD	PIP	UM	Source
Alabama	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Alabama Legislature
Alaska	50 / 100 / 25	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Alaska Legislature
Arizona	25 / 50 / 15	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Arizona State Legislature
Arkansas	25 / 50 / 25	Automatic (reject in writing)	Offered (reject in writing)	Arkansas General Assembly
California★	30 / 60 / 15	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	California Legislative Information
Colorado	25 / 50 / 15	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Colorado General Assembly
Connecticut	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Required	Connecticut General Assembly
Delaware	25 / 50 / 10	Required (at registration)	Offered (reject in writing)	Delaware Code
District of Columbia	25 / 50 / 10	Automatic (reject in writing)	Required	Council of the District of Columbia
Florida	$10,000 PIP + $10,000 PDL (BI not required by default)	Required (at registration)	Offered (reject in writing)	The Florida Senate
Georgia	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Georgia General Assembly (via Justia Codes)
Hawaii	20 / 40 / 10	Required (no-fault)	Offered (reject in writing)	Hawaii State Legislature
Idaho	25 / 50 / 15	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Idaho Legislature
Illinois	25 / 50 / 20	Not required	Required	Illinois General Assembly
Indiana	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Indiana General Assembly
Iowa	20 / 40 / 15	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Iowa Legislature
Kansas	25 / 50 / 25	Required (no-fault)	Required	Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes
Kentucky	25 / 50 / 25	Required (no-fault)	Offered (reject in writing)	Kentucky Legislature
Louisiana	15 / 30 / 25	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Louisiana Legislature
Maine	50 / 100 / 25	Not required	Required	Maine State Legislature
Maryland	30 / 60 / 15	Required (at registration)	Required	Maryland General Assembly
Massachusetts★	25 / 50 / 30	Required (no-fault)	Required	Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Michigan	250 / 500 residual BI default (buy-down floor 50 / 100)	Required (choose tier)	Not required	Michigan Legislature
Minnesota	30 / 60 / 10	Required (no-fault)	Required	Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes
Mississippi	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Mississippi Legislature (via Justia Codes)
Missouri	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Required	Missouri Revisor of Statutes
Montana	25 / 50 / 20	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Montana Legislature
Nebraska	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Required	Nebraska Legislature
Nevada	25 / 50 / 20	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Nevada Legislature
New Hampshire	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Required	New Hampshire General Court
New Jersey★	35 / 70 / 25 (Standard Policy)	Required (no-fault)	Required	New Jersey Legislature
New Mexico	25 / 50 / 10	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	New Mexico Legislature
New York	25 / 50 / 10	Required (no-fault)	Required at BI limits	New York Department of Financial Services
North Carolina★	50 / 100 / 50	Not required	Required	North Carolina General Assembly
North Dakota	25 / 50 / 25	Required (no-fault)	Required	North Dakota Legislative Assembly
Ohio	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Ohio General Assembly
Oklahoma	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Oklahoma Legislature
Oregon	25 / 50 / 20	Required (at registration)	Required	Oregon State Legislature
Pennsylvania	15 / 30 / 5	Required (at registration)	Offered (reject in writing)	Pennsylvania General Assembly
Rhode Island	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Rhode Island General Assembly
South Carolina	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Required	South Carolina Legislature
South Dakota	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Required	South Dakota Legislature
Tennessee	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Tennessee General Assembly
Texas	30 / 60 / 25	Automatic (reject in writing)	Offered (reject in writing)	Texas Legislature Online
Utah	25 / 65 / 15	Required (no-fault)	Offered (reject in writing)	Utah State Legislature
Vermont	25 / 50 / 10	Not required	Required	Vermont General Assembly
Virginia★	50 / 100 / 25	Not required	Required	Virginia General Assembly
Washington	25 / 50 / 10	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Washington State Legislature
West Virginia	25 / 50 / 25	Not required	Required	West Virginia Legislature
Wisconsin	25 / 50 / 10	Not required	Required	Wisconsin State Legislature
Wyoming	25 / 50 / 20	Not required	Offered (reject in writing)	Wyoming Legislature

BI = bodily injury. PD = property damage. PIP = personal injury protection. UM = uninsured motorist. Figures expressed in thousands of dollars (e.g. 30 / 60 / 25 means $30,000 per person, $60,000 per accident, $25,000 property damage).

State-by-state detail with primary sources

Alabama

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2012-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under the Alabama Mandatory Liability Insurance Act, Ala. Code § 32-7A-1 et seq.
PIP: Not required: Alabama is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Ala. Code § 32-7-23 requires insurers to offer Uninsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits (25/50 BI). Alabama courts have treated UIM as an integral component of UM. The named insured may reject in writing.
Verification: Alabama Online Insurance Verification System (OIVS). Ala. Code § 32-7B-1 et seq. establishes the Online Insurance Verification System administered by the Alabama Department of Revenue. Law enforcement and the DMV query OIVS at traffic stops and registration. Lapse can lead to registration suspension and reinstatement fees.
Primary source: Alabama Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

Full Alabama guide →

Alaska

Liability minimum: 50 / 100 / 25 (effective 2004-01-01)
Statutory note: 50/100/25 compulsory liability under the Alaska Mandatory Motor Vehicle Insurance Act (AS 28.22.101). Among the highest state minimums in the United States.
PIP: Not required: Alaska is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): AS 28.20.445 requires every Alaska personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Alaska DMV insurance verification. The Alaska Division of Motor Vehicles administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under AS 28.22.019 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus SR-22 filing requirements. Alaska exempts drivers in certain rural areas not accessible by road from the compulsory insurance law under AS 28.22.011.
Primary source: Alaska Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Arizona

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 15 (effective 2020-07-01)
Statutory note: Effective for all new policies issued or renewed on or after July 1, 2020 under A.R.S. § 28-4009 as amended by Senate Bill 1087 (Chapter 301, Laws 2019). Raised the prior 15/30/10 floor. Policies with the older 15/30/10 limits were automatically adjusted to 25/50/15 at renewal on or after July 1, 2020.
PIP: Not required: Arizona is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party coverage insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): A.R.S. § 20-259.01 requires every personal auto policy to offer UM and UIM in writing on a form approved by the Arizona Department of Insurance and Financial Institutions. Purchase is optional; rejection must be in writing. Minimum UM/UIM limits if purchased are 25/50 bodily injury.
Verification: ADOT MVD Mandatory Insurance Reporting. Arizona Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Division administers mandatory insurance reporting under A.R.S. § 28-4139. Insurers report policy status electronically; MVD can suspend driver license, vehicle registration, and license plates for a confirmed lapse.
Primary source: Arizona State Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Arkansas

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2003-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under the Arkansas Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act (Ark. Code § 27-19-713).
PIP: Automatic (reject in writing): Arkansas is not a no-fault state, but Personal Injury Protection must be offered under Ark. Code § 23-89-202. Every Arkansas personal auto policy automatically includes PIP (medical, income, accidental death) unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Ark. Code § 23-89-403 (UM) and § 23-89-209 (UIM) require every Arkansas personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects the coverage in writing.
Verification: Arkansas Online Insurance Verification System. The Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration administers electronic insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under Ark. Code § 27-22-104 can trigger registration suspension and reinstatement fees.
Primary source: Arkansas General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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California

Liability minimum: 30 / 60 / 15 (effective 2025-01-01)
Statutory note: Effective January 1, 2025 under SB 1107, raising the prior 15/30/5 floor. First increase since 1967.
Scheduled change: 2035-01-01: Scheduled increase to 50/100/25 under SB 1107 Phase 2, January 1, 2035.
PIP: Not required: California does not require PIP on personal auto policies. MedPay is offered on an opt-in basis.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): California insurers must offer UM and UIM on every personal auto policy; a driver who does not want either must reject the coverage in writing.
Verification: CA DMV electronic reporting. California insurers report policy status to DMV electronically under Cal. Vehicle Code § 4000.37. Registration is suspended if insurance is not submitted within 30 days of a new registration or a cancellation is not replaced within 45 days.
Primary source: California Legislative Information · last reviewed 2026-09-29

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Colorado

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 15 (effective 2003-07-01)
Statutory note: Colorado abolished no-fault effective July 1, 2003 and reverted to a traditional tort system. Compulsory financial-responsibility floor is 25/50/15.
PIP: Not required: Colorado is a traditional tort state (no-fault was abolished effective July 1, 2003). No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): C.R.S. § 10-4-609 requires insurers to offer UM and UIM in amounts equal to the policy's bodily-injury liability limits. The named insured may reject in writing. Without a signed rejection, UM/UIM defaults to the policy's BI limits.
Verification: MIIDB (Motorist Insurance Identification Database). The Colorado DMV MIIDB matches insurer-reported coverage against vehicle registration records. A confirmed lapse can trigger registration suspension and civil penalties under the compulsory insurance law.
Primary source: Colorado General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Connecticut

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2018-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability. UM and UIM are required at limits equal to the policy's bodily-injury liability under C.G.S. § 38a-336, so raising BI automatically raises UM/UIM.
PIP: Not required: Connecticut is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Required: C.G.S. § 38a-336 requires UM and UIM on every personal auto policy at limits equal to the policy's bodily-injury liability. UM/UIM cannot be purchased below the policy's BI floor.
Verification: Connecticut DMV insurance verification. Connecticut DMV administers insurance verification: insurers report policy terminations electronically; a confirmed lapse can trigger registration suspension and civil penalties under C.G.S. § 14-213b.
Primary source: Connecticut General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Delaware

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 10 (effective 1983-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/10 compulsory liability under 21 Del. Code § 2118. Delaware is an add-on PIP state (not no-fault): PIP is required but full tort rights are preserved.
PIP: Required (at registration): Delaware requires PIP on every registered motor vehicle under 21 Del. Code § 2118 at a minimum of $15,000 per person and $30,000 per accident, plus $5,000 funeral benefits. Delaware preserves full tort rights alongside PIP (add-on structure, not no-fault).
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): 18 Del. Code § 3902 requires every Delaware personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Delaware DMV insurance verification. The Delaware Division of Motor Vehicles administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under 21 Del. Code § 2118 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus statutory penalties.
Primary source: Delaware Code · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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District of Columbia

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 10 (effective 2015-10-01)
Statutory note: District of Columbia is not a state but is treated as its own motor-vehicle insurance jurisdiction. 25/50/10 compulsory liability under D.C. Code § 31-2406, raised from 25/50/10 (prior lower limits) in the Compulsory/No-Fault Motor Vehicle Insurance Act (D.C. Law 4-155).
PIP: Automatic (reject in writing): District of Columbia operates a modified add-on PIP system under the Compulsory/No-Fault Motor Vehicle Insurance Act (D.C. Code Chapter 24). Every DC personal auto policy includes Personal Injury Protection unless the named insured rejects it in writing. After an accident, an injured insured has 60 days to elect PIP benefits; electing PIP generally bars a tort action for non-economic damages below the statutory threshold.
Uninsured motorist: Required: D.C. Code § 31-2406 requires every DC personal auto policy to include Uninsured Motorist coverage at 25/50 bodily injury plus $5,000 property damage. Underinsured Motorist coverage is must-offer; the named insured may reject UIM in writing.
Verification: DC DMV insurance verification. The DC Department of Motor Vehicles administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under D.C. Code § 50-1301.03 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus statutory penalties.
Primary source: Council of the District of Columbia · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Florida

Liability minimum: $10,000 PIP + $10,000 PDL (BI not required by default) (effective 1979-01-01)
Statutory note: Florida requires PIP under Fla. Stat. § 627.736 and PDL under Chapter 324 at vehicle registration. Bodily-injury liability is not required at the state minimum by default for private passenger vehicles.
PIP: Required (at registration): $10,000 PIP required at registration. Initial services must be received within 14 days of the crash. PIP pays 80% of reasonable and necessary medical expenses, 60% of loss of gross income, and a $5,000 death benefit per individual.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Fla. Stat. § 627.727 requires insurers to include UM/UIM at bodily-injury liability limits unless the named insured knowingly rejects the coverage in writing on the statutorily prescribed form.
Verification: FLHSMV electronic reporting. Florida-licensed insurers report policy initiation and cancellation electronically to FLHSMV. The state can suspend driver license, license plate, and registration for confirmed uninsured status.
Primary source: The Florida Senate · last reviewed 2026-09-30

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Georgia

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2008-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability. Georgia abolished PIP in 1991 and is now a traditional tort state.
PIP: Not required: Georgia abolished no-fault PIP in 1991. The state is a traditional tort state; MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): O.C.G.A. § 33-7-11 requires every personal auto policy to include UM/UIM unless the named insured rejects the coverage in writing. Georgia's default is add-on (excess) UM: UM/UIM pays in addition to the at-fault driver's liability limits, not a reduction against them, unless the policyholder affirmatively selects reduction-by-payment coverage.
Verification: GEICS (Georgia Electronic Insurance Compliance System). The Georgia Department of Revenue runs GEICS, an electronic verification system under O.C.G.A. § 40-5-71. Insurers report policy initiation and cancellation to the state; failures or lapses can trigger registration suspension and fines.
Primary source: Georgia General Assembly (via Justia Codes) · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Hawaii

Liability minimum: 20 / 40 / 10 (effective 1998-01-01)
Statutory note: 20/40/10 compulsory liability under HRS § 431:10C-301. Hawaii is a modified no-fault state under HRS Chapter 431:10C.
PIP: Required (no-fault): Hawaii is a modified no-fault state under HRS Chapter 431:10C. Every policy must include Personal Injury Protection (statutorily "Personal Injury Protection Benefits," also known as PIP) at $10,000 per person. A monetary tort threshold limits non-economic recovery.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): HRS § 431:10C-301 requires every Hawaii personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Hawaii motor vehicle insurance verification. The Hawaii Insurance Division within the Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs administers insurance oversight. Proof of coverage is required at traffic stops and registration. Confirmed lapse under HRS § 431:10C-104 can trigger driver license suspension and civil penalties.
Primary source: Hawaii State Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Idaho

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 15 (effective 2009-07-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/15 compulsory liability under the Idaho Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Act (Idaho Code § 49-117 and § 49-1212).
PIP: Not required: Idaho is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Idaho Code § 41-2502 requires every Idaho personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Idaho Online Verification of Insurance System. The Idaho Transportation Department administers electronic insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under Idaho Code § 49-1232 can trigger driver license suspension, SR-22 filing requirements, and reinstatement fees.
Primary source: Idaho Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Illinois

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 20 (effective 2015-01-01)
Statutory note: Bodily-injury minimums at 25/50 under 625 ILCS 5/7-601; property damage minimum at $20,000 under 625 ILCS 5/7-203. Both current limits are in effect since the 2015 amendments.
PIP: Not required: Illinois is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. Medical Payments (MedPay) is an optional first-party coverage insurers typically offer; it does not substitute for liability.
Uninsured motorist: Required: 215 ILCS 5/143a requires Uninsured Motorist Bodily Injury coverage at 25/50 on every personal auto policy. 215 ILCS 5/143a-2 requires Underinsured Motorist coverage to equal the UM limits whenever the insured purchases UM above the statutory floor. UM Property Damage is optional and not required by statute.
Verification: ILIVS (Illinois Insurance Verification System). Illinois Secretary of State electronic insurance verification program under 625 ILCS 5/7-603.5. Online since 2020. ILIVS verifies the insurance status of every registered vehicle at least twice a year by matching plate and VIN against insurer-reported coverage data. Registration suspension under 625 ILCS 5/7-606 with a $100 reinstatement fee.
Primary source: Illinois General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Indiana

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2017-07-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under Ind. Code § 9-25-4-5. Prior minimums of 25/50/10 were raised effective July 1, 2017.
PIP: Not required: Indiana is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Ind. Code § 27-7-5-2 requires every Indiana personal auto policy to include Uninsured Motorist (25/50 BI and $10,000 property damage) and Underinsured Motorist (50/50 BI) coverage unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Indiana BMV electronic insurance verification. The Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles (BMV) runs the state insurance-verification program. Confirmed lapse under Ind. Code § 9-25-6-3 can trigger driver license and registration suspensions.
Primary source: Indiana General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Iowa

Liability minimum: 20 / 40 / 15 (effective 1998-07-01)
Statutory note: 20/40/15 compulsory liability under Iowa Code chapter 321A (Financial Responsibility) and § 321.20B (proof of insurance).
PIP: Not required: Iowa is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Iowa Code § 516A.1 requires every Iowa personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist bodily-injury coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Iowa DOT proof-of-insurance enforcement. The Iowa Department of Transportation administers proof-of-insurance enforcement. Iowa Code § 321.20B requires drivers to carry proof of financial responsibility and produce it at traffic stops and crashes.
Primary source: Iowa Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Kansas

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2022-07-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under K.S.A. § 40-3107 (part of the Kansas Automobile Injury Reparations Act). Property damage minimum rose from $10,000 to $25,000 effective July 1, 2022 (HB 2409).
PIP: Required (no-fault): Kansas is a no-fault state under the Kansas Automobile Injury Reparations Act. Every policy must include Personal Injury Protection (PIP) benefits for medical, disability, rehabilitation, and survivor losses, with a monetary tort threshold for non-economic damages.
Uninsured motorist: Required: K.S.A. § 40-284 requires Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist bodily-injury coverage at 25/50 on every Kansas personal auto policy. UM/UIM is compulsory, not merely must-offer.
Verification: Kansas electronic insurance verification. The Kansas Department of Revenue Division of Vehicles administers electronic insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under K.S.A. § 40-3104 can trigger registration and license suspension.
Primary source: Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Kentucky

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2022-07-14)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability (or a $60,000 single limit) under the Kentucky Motor Vehicle Reparations Act. Property damage minimum rose from $10,000 to $25,000 effective July 14, 2022 (HB 320).
PIP: Required (no-fault): Kentucky is a modified no-fault state (choice no-fault) under the Kentucky Motor Vehicle Reparations Act. Every policy must include Basic Reparation Benefits (BRB), Kentucky's PIP, at $10,000 per person. Drivers may reject tort limitations in writing to preserve full tort rights.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): KRS § 304.20-020 requires every Kentucky personal auto policy to include Uninsured Motorist coverage, and KRS § 304.39-320 requires insurers to offer Underinsured Motorist coverage. The named insured may reject each in writing.
Verification: Kentucky online insurance verification. The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet administers electronic insurance verification. Confirmed lapse can trigger registration suspension and reinstatement fees under KRS § 186A.040.
Primary source: Kentucky Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Louisiana

Liability minimum: 15 / 30 / 25 (effective 2020-01-01)
Statutory note: 15/30/25 compulsory liability under La. R.S. § 32:900. Louisiana retains a no-pay no-play rule under La. R.S. § 32:866 that limits uninsured drivers' recovery of the first $15,000 BI and $25,000 PD.
PIP: Not required: Louisiana is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): La. R.S. § 22:1295 requires every Louisiana personal auto policy to include Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist coverage in an amount equal to the policy's bodily-injury limits unless the named insured rejects the coverage or selects lower limits using the LDI-prescribed form.
Verification: Louisiana OMV electronic insurance verification. The Louisiana Office of Motor Vehicles (OMV) administers electronic insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under La. R.S. § 32:863.1 can trigger registration suspension, reinstatement fees, and vehicle impoundment.
Primary source: Louisiana Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Maine

Liability minimum: 50 / 100 / 25 (effective 2012-01-01)
Statutory note: 50/100/25 compulsory liability under 29-A M.R.S. § 1601. Among the highest state minimums in the United States. Maine also requires MedPay at $2,000 per person and UM/UIM at liability limits.
PIP: Not required: Maine is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. Maine does require Medical Payments coverage at $2,000 per person under 24-A M.R.S. § 2902 as a compulsory first-party benefit, but this is MedPay, not PIP.
Uninsured motorist: Required: 24-A M.R.S. § 2902 requires Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist bodily-injury coverage at not less than the policy's compulsory liability limits (50/100) on every Maine personal auto policy. UM/UIM is compulsory, not merely must-offer.
Verification: Maine BMV insurance verification. The Maine Bureau of Motor Vehicles administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under 29-A M.R.S. § 1605 can trigger driver license and registration suspension, SR-22 filing requirements, and civil penalties.
Primary source: Maine State Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Maryland

Liability minimum: 30 / 60 / 15 (effective 2011-01-01)
Statutory note: 30/60/15 compulsory liability. UM/UIM is required at policy liability limits and cannot be waived below the statutory floor under Insurance Article § 19-509. PIP of $2,500 is required unless waived in writing.
PIP: Required (at registration): Maryland requires $2,500 PIP on every personal auto policy by default. The named insured may waive PIP in writing (and waive uninsured family coverage) if the insurer has issued the required waiver form. Maryland is not a no-fault state; PIP coexists with tort recovery.
Uninsured motorist: Required: Insurance Article § 19-509 requires UM and UIM at limits equal to the policy liability limits. The named insured may elect lower UM/UIM limits only down to the 30/60/15 statutory floor; UM/UIM cannot be waived below the floor.
Verification: MVA electronic insurance reporting. The Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration (MVA) administers electronic insurance verification. Insurers report policy terminations; a confirmed lapse can trigger daily uninsured penalties and registration suspension.
Primary source: Maryland General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Massachusetts

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 30 (effective 2025-07-01)
Statutory note: Effective for policies issued or renewed on or after July 1, 2025 under Chapter 275 of the Acts of 2024. Raised Bodily Injury to Others from 20/40 to 25/50, Property Damage from $5,000 to $30,000, and Bodily Injury Caused by Uninsured Auto from 20/40 to 25/50. First increase to the compulsory minimums since 1988.
PIP: Required (no-fault): Massachusetts is a no-fault jurisdiction. M.G.L. c.90 § 34M requires Personal Injury Protection at $8,000 per person on every compulsory motor vehicle liability policy. PIP pays medical expenses, lost wages, and replacement services for the insured and specified occupants regardless of fault, up to the policy limit, coordinated with health insurance.
Uninsured motorist: Required: M.G.L. c.175 § 113L requires every compulsory motor vehicle liability policy to include Bodily Injury Caused by Uninsured Auto (UM) at the statutory floor. Minimum is 25/50 effective July 1, 2025. Underinsured Motorist is optional; insurers must offer it and the named insured may purchase up to the policy's bodily-injury liability limits.
Verification: MA RMV electronic reporting. Massachusetts auto insurers report policy status electronically to the Registry of Motor Vehicles. Operating a motor vehicle without the compulsory coverages is a misdemeanor; consequences include fines, revocation of driver license and registration, and insurance surcharges.
Primary source: Commonwealth of Massachusetts · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Michigan

Liability minimum: 250 / 500 residual BI default (buy-down floor 50 / 100) (effective 2020-07-02)
Statutory note: MCL 500.3009(1) sets the post-reform residual BI default at 250/500 for policies issued or renewed on or after July 2, 2020. Under subsection (5), the insured may elect lower limits, but not lower than 50/100.
PIP: Required (choose tier): Six PIP medical coverage tiers under the DIFS choice framework: unlimited; up to $500,000; up to $250,000; up to $250,000 with PIP medical exclusion(s); up to $50,000 (Medicaid-eligible named insured with qualifying household health coverage); PIP medical opt-out (named insured with Medicare Parts A and B). The choice is documented on the DIFS-prescribed selection form.
Uninsured motorist: Not required: The frozen state page does not treat UM/UIM as a compulsory Michigan coverage; PIP priority under MCL 500.3114 (own insurer, then resident relative, then MACP) is the corresponding statutory framework.
Verification: Michigan Secretary of State proof-of-insurance requirements. Proof of insurance is required at vehicle registration and enforced by MI SOS.
Primary source: Michigan Legislature · last reviewed 2026-09-30

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Minnesota

Liability minimum: 30 / 60 / 10 (effective 1985-01-01)
Statutory note: 30/60/10 residual bodily-injury/property-damage liability on top of Minnesota's compulsory $40,000 no-fault PIP. Minnesota is a no-fault state under the Minnesota No-Fault Automobile Insurance Act.
PIP: Required (no-fault): Minn. Stat. § 65B.44 requires $40,000 Basic Economic Loss PIP per person per accident: $20,000 for medical expenses plus $20,000 for non-medical loss (wage loss, replacement services, funeral expense, survivor benefits). Minnesota is a no-fault state; PIP is primary and tort recovery of pain and suffering is limited by the statutory threshold.
Uninsured motorist: Required: Minn. Stat. § 65B.49 requires every Minnesota motor vehicle liability policy to include UM and UIM at not less than 25/50 bodily injury. UM applies to uninsured at-fault drivers; UIM applies when the at-fault driver's coverage is below the insured's own.
Verification: Minnesota DVS insurance verification. The Minnesota Driver and Vehicle Services (DVS) within the Department of Public Safety verifies insurance at traffic stops, registration, and license renewal. Insurers report policy information; operating without the compulsory coverages is a misdemeanor under Minn. Stat. § 169.797.
Primary source: Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Mississippi

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2001-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under the Mississippi Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Law (Miss. Code § 63-15-3).
PIP: Not required: Mississippi is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Miss. Code § 83-11-101 requires every Mississippi personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Mississippi Department of Public Safety insurance verification. The Mississippi Department of Public Safety administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under Miss. Code § 63-15-4 can trigger driver license suspension and reinstatement fees.
Primary source: Mississippi Legislature (via Justia Codes) · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Missouri

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2023-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under the Missouri Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law (Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 303). Property damage minimum rose from $10,000 to $25,000 effective January 1, 2023 (SB 5 of 2021).
PIP: Not required: Missouri is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Required: Mo. Rev. Stat. § 379.203 requires Uninsured Motorist bodily-injury coverage at 25/50 on every Missouri personal auto policy. Underinsured Motorist coverage is must-offer; the named insured may reject UIM in writing.
Verification: Missouri Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Verification. The Missouri Department of Revenue administers electronic insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under Mo. Rev. Stat. § 303.041 can trigger driver license suspension and reinstatement requirements, including an SR-22 filing.
Primary source: Missouri Revisor of Statutes · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Montana

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 20 (effective 2009-10-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/20 compulsory liability under the Montana Motor Vehicle Safety-Responsibility Act (Mont. Code § 61-6-103).
PIP: Not required: Montana is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Mont. Code § 33-23-201 requires every Montana personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Montana Motor Vehicle Division insurance verification. The Montana Motor Vehicle Division administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under Mont. Code § 61-6-304 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus SR-22 filing requirements.
Primary source: Montana Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Nebraska

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2010-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under the Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-310).
PIP: Not required: Nebraska is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Required: Neb. Rev. Stat. § 44-6408 requires Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist bodily-injury coverage at 25/50 on every Nebraska personal auto policy. UM/UIM is compulsory, not merely must-offer.
Verification: Nebraska DMV insurance verification. The Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-3,163 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus SR-22 filing requirements.
Primary source: Nebraska Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Nevada

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 20 (effective 2018-07-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/20 compulsory liability under NRS § 485.185. Minimums rose from 15/30/10 effective July 1, 2018 (SB 308 of 2017).
PIP: Not required: Nevada is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): NRS § 687B.145 requires every Nevada personal auto policy to include Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist coverage in an amount equal to the policy's bodily-injury limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Nevada DMV insurance verification. The Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles administers electronic insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under NRS § 485.317 can trigger registration suspension, reinstatement fees, and SR-22 filing requirements. Nevada enforces a daily-penalty structure for extended lapses.
Primary source: Nevada Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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New Hampshire

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2010-01-01)
Statutory note: New Hampshire does not generally require drivers to carry auto insurance by statute. If a driver chooses to purchase a policy (or is required to carry one under financial-responsibility rules), the minimum limits are 25/50/25 under RSA 259:61 and RSA 264:18. Owners who do not carry insurance remain personally liable and must demonstrate financial responsibility.
PIP: Not required: New Hampshire is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. If any auto policy is purchased, it must include Medical Payments coverage at $1,000 per person under RSA 264:16.
Uninsured motorist: Required: If a New Hampshire driver purchases an auto policy, RSA 264:15 requires Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the policy's bodily-injury liability limits. UM/UIM in New Hampshire is compulsory when any liability policy exists.
Verification: New Hampshire DMV financial-responsibility enforcement. New Hampshire does not operate a universal compulsory-insurance verification system because insurance is generally not required. Under RSA 264:18 and RSA 264:12, drivers convicted of specified offenses or involved in reportable crashes must demonstrate financial responsibility, typically by filing an SR-22 and carrying 25/50/25 coverage.
Primary source: New Hampshire General Court · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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New Jersey

Liability minimum: 35 / 70 / 25 (Standard Policy) (effective 2026-01-01)
Statutory note: Phase 2 of P.L. 2022, c.111 (Standard Policy). Phase 1 raised limits to 25/50/25 on January 1, 2023.
PIP: Required (no-fault): Standard Policy PIP defaults to $250,000 per person per accident under N.J.S.A. 39:6A-4.3. Named insured may elect $15,000, $50,000, $75,000, or $150,000. Even with a lower selection, PIP pays up to $250,000 for enumerated catastrophic injuries and for emergency care until stabilized.
Uninsured motorist: Required: N.J.S.A. 17:28-1.1 requires Standard Policy UM at not less than 15/30 BI and $5,000 PD. UIM is optional and cannot exceed the insured's bodily-injury liability limits.
Verification: NJ MVC insurer reporting. NJ Motor Vehicle Commission Uninsured Motorist Unit acts on insurer-reported cancellations. Consequences include fines, community service, driver-license suspension, and insurance surcharges.
Primary source: New Jersey Legislature · last reviewed 2026-09-30

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New Mexico

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 10 (effective 2010-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/10 compulsory liability under the Mandatory Financial Responsibility Act (NMSA § 66-5-215).
PIP: Not required: New Mexico is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): NMSA § 66-5-301 requires every New Mexico personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: New Mexico MVD insurance verification. The New Mexico Motor Vehicle Division within the Taxation and Revenue Department administers electronic insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under NMSA § 66-5-205 can trigger registration suspension and reinstatement fees.
Primary source: New Mexico Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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New York

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 10 (effective 1995-01-01)
Statutory note: Required on every registered vehicle under NY DFS auto insurance requirements; in effect since 1995.
PIP: Required (no-fault): Article 51 (Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act) requires every motor-vehicle owner's liability policy to include $50,000 per person in Basic Economic Loss coverage. Components: medical expense, work loss, other expense, and a death benefit.
Uninsured motorist: Required at BI limits: UM is compulsory at BI liability limits under N.Y. Ins. Law § 3420(f). SUM (Supplementary UM/UIM) must be offered up to 250/500 or $500,000 CSL under § 3420(f)(2) and Regulation 35-D (11 NYCRR subpart 60-2).
Verification: IIES (Insurance Information & Enforcement System). DMV's statewide electronic verification database. Implemented January 2000 under Chapter 678 of the laws of 1997 (as amended by Chapter 509 of 1998). Insurers report policy status by VIN.
Primary source: New York Department of Financial Services · last reviewed 2026-09-30

Full New York guide →

North Carolina

Liability minimum: 50 / 100 / 50 (effective 2025-07-01)
Statutory note: Effective for policies issued or renewed on or after July 1, 2025 under SL 2023-124 and the SB 452 amendments. Raised the prior 30/60/25 floor (which had been in place for decades).
PIP: Not required: North Carolina is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party coverage insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Required: N.C.G.S. § 20-279.21 requires every personal auto policy to carry UM and UIM at limits equal to the policy's bodily-injury and property-damage liability limits. UM is compulsory for all policies; UIM is compulsory on policies with liability limits above the statutory floor. UM Property Damage carries a $100 deductible under the statute.
Verification: NCDMV Financial Responsibility verification. North Carolina DMV administers insurance verification under the Financial Responsibility Act. Insurers report policy terminations electronically; lapses can trigger registration-plate pickup and civil penalties under N.C.G.S. § 20-311.
Primary source: North Carolina General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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North Dakota

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2016-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under the North Dakota Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law (N.D.C.C. § 39-16.1-11).
PIP: Required (no-fault): North Dakota is a no-fault state under the North Dakota No-Fault Insurance Act (N.D.C.C. Chapter 26.1-41). Every policy must include Basic No-Fault benefits (PIP) at $30,000 per person. A monetary tort threshold ($2,500 medical expenses) or specified serious-injury categories limit non-economic recovery.
Uninsured motorist: Required: N.D.C.C. § 26.1-40-15 requires Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at 25/50 bodily injury on every North Dakota personal auto policy. UM/UIM is compulsory, not merely must-offer.
Verification: North Dakota DOT motor vehicle insurance verification. The North Dakota Department of Transportation administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under N.D.C.C. § 39-16.1-12 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus SR-22 filing requirements.
Primary source: North Dakota Legislative Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

Full North Dakota guide →

Ohio

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2013-12-22)
Statutory note: Current 25/50/25 minimums in force since the December 22, 2013 amendments to the Ohio Financial Responsibility Law.
PIP: Not required: Ohio is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. Medical Payments (MedPay) is an optional first-party coverage insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): ORC § 3937.18 requires UM and UIM to be offered on every personal auto policy. Purchase is optional and the named insured may reject the coverage in writing. Rejection must be signed.
Verification: Ohio Random Insurance Verification. Ohio BMV administers random-selection electronic verification under ORC § 4509.101 and Ohio Administrative Code 4501-7-08. A failure to verify can lead to license, plate, and registration suspension.
Primary source: Ohio General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

Full Ohio guide →

Oklahoma

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2007-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under the Oklahoma Compulsory Insurance Law, 47 Okla. Stat. § 7-204.
PIP: Not required: Oklahoma is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): 36 Okla. Stat. § 3636 requires every Oklahoma personal auto policy to include Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist bodily-injury coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Oklahoma Compulsory Insurance Verification System. Service Oklahoma (formerly Oklahoma Tax Commission Motor Vehicle Division) administers the compulsory insurance verification system. Confirmed lapse under 47 Okla. Stat. § 7-606 can trigger driver license suspension, SR-22 filing requirements, and vehicle immobilization.
Primary source: Oklahoma Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

Full Oklahoma guide →

Oregon

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 20 (effective 2018-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/20 compulsory liability under ORS 806.070 and ORS 806.080, together with $15,000 PIP under ORS 742.524 and 25/50 UM/UIM. Oregon is an add-on first-party-benefits state rather than a traditional no-fault state.
PIP: Required (at registration): ORS 742.524 requires $15,000 Personal Injury Protection per person on every Oregon motor vehicle liability policy. PIP pays medical expenses, lost wages, and other covered first-party benefits regardless of fault. Oregon preserves full tort rights alongside PIP (add-on structure, not no-fault).
Uninsured motorist: Required: ORS 742.502 and ORS 742.504 require Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at 25/50 bodily injury on every Oregon personal auto policy. UM/UIM is compulsory at the statutory floor and may be purchased at higher limits.
Verification: Oregon DMV insurance verification. Oregon DMV administers insurance verification under ORS 806.270. Proof of coverage is required at registration and at traffic stops; a confirmed lapse can trigger suspension of driving privileges under ORS 806.011.
Primary source: Oregon State Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

Full Oregon guide →

Pennsylvania

Liability minimum: 15 / 30 / 5 (effective 1990-07-01)
Statutory note: Alternative combined single limit of $35,000 permitted in place of 15/30/5. In force since Act 6 of 1990 enactment of the Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law.
PIP: Required (at registration): Every private passenger motor vehicle liability policy must include a $5,000 first-party medical benefit under 75 Pa.C.S. § 1711. The medical benefit is not called PIP in Pennsylvania; it is the required first-party medical layer within the Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): 75 Pa.C.S. § 1731 requires every private passenger motor vehicle liability policy to offer UM and UIM. Purchase is optional. Rejection must be in writing on the statutorily prescribed form. If a signed rejection is not on file, UM/UIM coverage defaults to the policy's bodily-injury liability limits.
Verification: PennDOT policy-termination reporting. Pennsylvania auto insurers report policy terminations electronically to PennDOT. Drivers are responsible for continuous proof of coverage. Lapse without replacement can result in a fine, driver license suspension, and forfeiture of license plate and registration sticker.
Primary source: Pennsylvania General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Rhode Island

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2010-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-31-7 (Rhode Island Financial Responsibility Act).
PIP: Not required: Rhode Island is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): R.I. Gen. Laws § 27-7-2.1 requires every Rhode Island personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Rhode Island DMV insurance verification. The Rhode Island Division of Motor Vehicles administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-47-9 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus SR-22 filing requirements.
Primary source: Rhode Island General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

Full Rhode Island guide →

South Carolina

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2007-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under S.C. Code § 38-77-140.
PIP: Not required: South Carolina is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Required: S.C. Code § 38-77-150 requires Uninsured Motorist coverage (25/50 BI and $25,000 PD) on every South Carolina personal auto policy. S.C. Code § 38-77-160 requires insurers to offer Underinsured Motorist up to the policy's bodily-injury and property-damage limits; the named insured may reject UIM in writing.
Verification: South Carolina DMV insurance verification. The South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under S.C. Code § 56-10-240 can trigger registration suspension, reinstatement fees, and SR-22 filing requirements.
Primary source: South Carolina Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

Full South Carolina guide →

South Dakota

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2015-07-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under the South Dakota Motor Vehicle Safety-Responsibility Act (SDCL § 32-35-113). Minimums rose from 25/50/25 effective July 1, 2015.
PIP: Not required: South Dakota is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. SDCL § 58-11-9 requires insurers to offer Medical Payments coverage at $5,000; purchase is optional.
Uninsured motorist: Required: SDCL § 58-11-9 requires Uninsured Motorist bodily-injury coverage at 25/50 on every South Dakota personal auto policy. SDCL § 58-11-9.4 requires insurers to offer Underinsured Motorist coverage at 25/50; the named insured may reject UIM in writing.
Verification: South Dakota DMV insurance verification. The South Dakota Department of Public Safety Driver Licensing Program administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under SDCL § 32-35-113 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus SR-22 filing requirements.
Primary source: South Dakota Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

Full South Dakota guide →

Tennessee

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2009-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under the Tennessee Financial Responsibility Law of 1977.
PIP: Not required: Tennessee is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): T.C.A. § 56-7-1201 requires every Tennessee personal auto policy to include UM/UIM at not less than 25/50 BI plus $15,000 PD, unless the named insured rejects the coverage in writing. UM/UIM may be purchased at higher limits up to the BI liability floor.
Verification: James Lee Atwood Jr. Law electronic verification. T.C.A. § 55-12-139 (the James Lee Atwood Jr. Law) requires insurers to report policy status electronically to the Tennessee Department of Revenue. The state matches reports against vehicle registrations and can suspend registration for a confirmed lapse.
Primary source: Tennessee General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Texas

Liability minimum: 30 / 60 / 25 (effective 2011-01-01)
PIP: Automatic (reject in writing): Texas insurers must include PIP on every auto policy unless the policyholder rejects it in writing.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Texas insurers must offer UM and UIM. A driver who does not want either must reject the coverage in writing.
Verification: TexasSure. Statewide electronic verification database under Tex. Transp. Code Chapter 601, Subchapter N. Online since June 2008. Insurers report policy data weekly.
Primary source: Texas Legislature Online · last reviewed 2026-09-26

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Utah

Liability minimum: 25 / 65 / 15 (effective 2009-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/65/15 compulsory liability under Utah Code § 31A-22-304. BI per-accident minimum of $65,000 is unusual: Utah does not use the standard "double" ratio.
PIP: Required (no-fault): Utah is a modified no-fault state under Utah Code § 31A-22-301. Every policy must include Personal Injury Protection at $3,000 per person. A monetary tort threshold limits non-economic recovery.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Utah Code § 31A-22-305 requires every Utah personal auto policy to include Uninsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits, and § 31A-22-305.3 requires UIM. The named insured may reject each in writing.
Verification: Utah Motor Vehicle Insurance Database. The Utah Insurance Department operates the Utah Motor Vehicle Insurance Database under Utah Code § 41-12a-803, with insurer reporting and continuous verification of coverage. Confirmed lapse can trigger driver license and registration suspension, SR-22 filing requirements, and reinstatement fees.
Primary source: Utah State Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Vermont

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 10 (effective 2010-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/10 compulsory liability under 23 V.S.A. § 801. Vermont is unusual: compulsory UM/UIM limits exceed the compulsory liability floor.
PIP: Not required: Vermont is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Required: 23 V.S.A. § 941 requires Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at 50/100 bodily injury plus $10,000 property damage on every Vermont personal auto policy. Vermont is the only state where the compulsory UM/UIM floor meaningfully exceeds the compulsory liability floor by default.
Verification: Vermont DMV insurance verification. The Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under 23 V.S.A. § 802 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus SR-22 filing requirements.
Primary source: Vermont General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Virginia

Liability minimum: 50 / 100 / 25 (effective 2025-01-01)
Statutory note: Effective for policies effective on or after January 1, 2025. Raised the prior 30/60/20 floor. The long-standing Uninsured Motor Vehicle (UMV) fee option, which let registrants pay $500 in lieu of carrying insurance, was abolished effective July 1, 2024; all registered Virginia vehicles must now be covered by liability insurance.
PIP: Not required: Virginia is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party coverage insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Required: Va. Code § 38.2-2206 requires every personal auto liability policy to include UM and UIM at limits equal to the policy's bodily-injury and property-damage liability limits. UM is included on every policy; UIM applies when the at-fault driver's coverage is below the insured's own limits.
Verification: Virginia DMV electronic insurance verification. Virginia DMV administers an electronic verification program under Va. Code § 46.2-706. Insurers report policy information to DMV; DMV compares that information with its vehicle records and may require owners to confirm coverage. Reinstatement after a confirmed lapse requires a $600 non-compliance fee plus an SR-22 filing for three years.
Primary source: Virginia General Assembly · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Washington

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 10 (effective 1990-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/10 compulsory motor vehicle liability under RCW 46.30.020. Washington is a traditional tort state. In Washington, Personal Injury Protection must be offered under RCW 48.22.085; purchase is optional.
PIP: Not required: RCW 48.22.085 requires insurers to offer Personal Injury Protection, but purchase is optional. If elected, the floor is $10,000 medical expenses and $10,000 income continuation per person. Washington is otherwise a traditional tort state.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): RCW 48.22.030 requires insurers to offer UM and UIM in amounts equal to the policy's bodily-injury and property-damage liability limits. Rejection or purchase at lower limits must be in writing.
Verification: Washington DOL insurance verification. The Washington Department of Licensing (DOL) requires proof of coverage at traffic stops and registration. RCW 46.30.020 makes operating a motor vehicle without the required insurance a traffic infraction with civil penalties.
Primary source: Washington State Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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West Virginia

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 25 (effective 2016-01-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under the West Virginia Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Law (W. Va. Code § 17D-4-2).
PIP: Not required: West Virginia is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Required: W. Va. Code § 33-6-31 requires Uninsured Motorist coverage at the compulsory liability limits (25/50 BI + $25,000 PD) on every West Virginia personal auto policy. The same statute requires insurers to offer Underinsured Motorist coverage up to 100/300/50; the named insured may reject UIM in writing.
Verification: West Virginia DMV insurance verification. The West Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under W. Va. Code § 17D-2A-6 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus SR-22 filing requirements.
Primary source: West Virginia Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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Wisconsin

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 10 (effective 2011-11-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/10 compulsory liability. $60,000 combined single limit also satisfies the minimum. UM is required at 25/50 on every policy; UIM must be offered at 50/100 (not required at the floor).
PIP: Not required: Wisconsin is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay must be offered under Wis. Stat. § 632.32(4m); purchase is optional.
Uninsured motorist: Required: Wis. Stat. § 632.32 requires Uninsured Motorist bodily-injury coverage at 25/50 on every Wisconsin personal auto policy. Underinsured Motorist must be offered at 50/100; the named insured may reject UIM in writing or purchase it at offered limits.
Verification: Wisconsin DMV insurance verification. The Wisconsin Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV) within the Department of Transportation administers insurance verification. Proof of coverage is required at traffic stops and crashes; a confirmed lapse can trigger penalties under Wis. Stat. § 344.62.
Primary source: Wisconsin State Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

Full Wisconsin guide →

Wyoming

Liability minimum: 25 / 50 / 20 (effective 2009-07-01)
Statutory note: 25/50/20 compulsory liability under the Wyoming Motor Vehicle Safety-Responsibility Act (Wyo. Stat. § 31-9-405).
PIP: Not required: Wyoming is a traditional tort state. No PIP is required on personal auto. MedPay is an optional first-party add-on insurers typically offer.
Uninsured motorist: Offered (reject in writing): Wyo. Stat. § 31-10-101 requires every Wyoming personal auto policy to include Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at not less than the compulsory liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.
Verification: Wyoming DOT motor vehicle insurance verification. The Wyoming Department of Transportation administers insurance verification. Confirmed lapse under Wyo. Stat. § 31-9-408 can trigger driver license and registration suspension plus SR-22 filing requirements.
Primary source: Wyoming Legislature · last reviewed 2026-10-01

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How this page is sourced

Every row above draws from the state's statute code or state Department of Insurance publication, cited inline with the publisher link. Our data library records the statute section, the effective date, and the last-verified date for each entry; the full source list for each state is at the bottom of its per-state guide (linked above).

We do not treat third-party summaries as the source. We treat them as a cross-check. If you spot a discrepancy between what we publish and your state's current statute, please let us know via /corrections and we will update the row.

For the broader context on how we rank sources, see /data-methodology.

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