Car Insurance After a Lapse in Coverage
A lapse is any period between one auto policy ending and the next attaching, during which the vehicle should have been insured. What actually matters after a lapse is not one number but the combination of why the old policy ended, whether the vehicle was driven during the gap, what your state DMV was told, and whether reinstatement or a new policy is the right path. This page is scoped to that reentry. It does not repeat DUI-specific rules (see our after-DUI guide), first-time-buyer mechanics (see our first-time buyer guide), or the intentional gap-free switch workflow (see our switching guide).
What most people actually want to know
What counts as a lapse?Any period between the end of one auto policy and the start of the next during which the vehicle should have been insured. Cancellation, nonrenewal, expiration at term end, and a missed-payment cancellation all produce a lapse if a replacement policy does not attach the same day.1
Will my rate always go up?No. A lapse can affect underwriting or premium, but the effect is carrier-specific and state-specific. Some states restrict surcharging solely for a first lapse; some carriers do not use a coverage-history factor at all.4
Do I need SR-22 after a lapse?Not usually. SR-22 requirements are triggered by specific state events such as a conviction, crash suspension, judgment, or driving-uninsured conviction, not by a lapse itself. Texas, for example, requires SR-22 after a second or subsequent conviction for no motor vehicle liability insurance.5
Can I reinstate the old policy?Sometimes, within a carrier and state-specific window and often with all past-due premium paid. Reinstatement is distinct from a statutory grace period; both procedures are set by the policy contract and by state law.2
What if the vehicle was driven uninsured?State DMV consequences vary. California DMV can suspend the registration when a policy is cancelled and a replacement is not submitted within forty-five days. Texas treats a second no-insurance conviction as an SR-22 trigger. Verify your state.6
What if the vehicle is financed or leased?The lender or lessor requires collision and comprehensive during the loan or lease term. If coverage lapses, CFPB describes the lender as able to force-place insurance that protects only the lender and is usually much more expensive than a policy you would obtain yourself.3
YesWeSure Bottom Line
The lapse is a discrete event, not a permanent status. How long the effect lasts is determined by your carrier’s coverage-history rules, your state’s statute, and how consistently you carry coverage from the new bind date forward.
State consequences are not the same as insurer consequences. Your DMV cares about proof of coverage on the registered vehicle. Your insurer cares about the risk you present as a driver. Both matter, and they can act independently6.
SR-22 is not automatic after a lapse. It is a state-specific filing tied to specific events. Texas, for example, requires SR-22 after a second or subsequent conviction for no motor vehicle liability insurance, or after a crash-suspension or civil judgment5. A lapse without one of those triggering events does not, by itself, create an SR-22 requirement.
Close the gap deliberately. Bind the new policy effective the earliest date the new carrier will honor. Verify the effective date on the declarations. If the vehicle will not be driven, some states (California is the primary example) offer an affidavit-of-non-use path that avoids a registration suspension while the vehicle is off the road7.
What is different after a lapse
Eight things that shift when coverage has ended
What the state sees
Often before you tell anyone6
In several states, carriers report policy cancellations to the DMV electronically. California DMV, for example, receives notification when a policy is cancelled and can suspend the registration if a replacement is not submitted within forty-five days.
What the vehicle registration status is
State-specific consequences6
Some states suspend registration when the DMV loses proof of insurance; some suspend the license; some do neither by default and act only if the driver is stopped or in a crash while uninsured. Verify with your state DMV.
Whether a surcharge applies
Carrier and state specific4
Some carriers apply a prior-insurance factor where state law permits; others do not. Louisiana, for example, prohibits surcharging solely on the basis of a first lapse and provides a five-year continuous-coverage reset.
Whether reinstatement is possible
Depends on the carrier, the state, and how long has passed2
Reinstatement is a contract- and statute-defined process, distinct from the statutory grace period. Some carriers reinstate within a defined window with past-due premium paid; others require a new application.
What is required from a new insurer
Standard NAIC shopping inputs plus the reason for the lapse1
NAIC identifies vehicle description and use, driver’s license number, number of drivers in the household, and coverages and limits as standard inputs. Prior-carrier information and reason for the lapse are commonly asked.
What a lender or lessor may do
Force-place insurance3
CFPB describes force-placed insurance as coverage the lender obtains when the borrower fails to maintain required vehicle insurance; it protects only the lender and is usually much more expensive than a policy the borrower could obtain independently.
When SR-22 becomes relevant
Only when the state or a triggering event requires it5
SR-22 is a state financial-responsibility filing tied to specific events, not to a lapse itself. Texas, for example, requires SR-22 after a second or subsequent no-insurance conviction, after crash-suspension, or after a civil judgment.
How to close the gap without opening a new one
Bind the new policy before the old one ends, when possible7
If the old policy is already cancelled, bind the new policy effective the earliest date the new carrier will honor, verify the effective date on the declarations, and, where the state allows, file an affidavit of non-use if the vehicle will not be operated.
The after-lapse framework: five steps in order
A lapse is often experienced as a single problem, but the response has five distinct steps. Working them in order avoids the two most expensive mistakes: driving uninsured during the gap and binding a new policy that does not close the gap cleanly.
Step 1
Why coverage ended
Identify the mechanism: missed payment (nonpayment cancellation), cancellation for another underwriting ground, nonrenewal at term end, or simple expiration without renewal. The mechanism matters. NAIC model rules for personal lines require ten days’ notice for a nonpayment cancellation and forty-five days’ notice for a nonrenewal; state adoption varies.2
Step 2
Vehicle and driving status during the gap
Establish two facts: was the vehicle driven during the gap, and does the state require proof of insurance for registered vehicles regardless of use? Where the answer is yes, and coverage ended, the state can act on the registration or license. Where the vehicle was not driven, some states offer an affidavit-of-non-use path (California is the primary example).7
Step 3
State consequences
State DMV consequences of an uninsured period vary. California DMV can suspend the registration when a cancelled policy is not replaced within forty-five days. Texas DPS makes SR-22 filing a requirement after a second or subsequent conviction for no motor vehicle liability insurance. Neither is a national rule; both are worked state examples.6
Step 4
Reinstate or replace
Decide whether to reinstate the previous policy (if the carrier still allows it under its contract and state law) or to bind replacement coverage with a new carrier. Reinstatement often requires paying past-due premium; replacement requires standard NAIC shopping inputs plus honest disclosure of the lapse and the reason.1
Step 5
Continuous coverage going forward
The value of any lapse-related underwriting factor decays with continuous coverage from the new bind date forward. Some carriers publish continuous-coverage rules in their filings; Louisiana statutorily resets first-lapse treatment after five years of continuous coverage. Confirm at first renewal and at second renewal that the coverage-history factor is applied correctly.4
Three clocks that run after a lapse
The Situation family uses three clocks to explain how one event echoes forward. After a lapse the clocks are specific: the record clock reflects whether the state actually recorded a no-insurance event, the pricing clock reflects the coverage-history factor filed by each carrier, and the eligibility clock reflects standard vs. nonstandard market treatment.
Record clock
Only if the state actually recorded something
A lapse itself does not automatically appear on your motor-vehicle record. What can appear is a no-insurance conviction, a registration suspension, or a related DMV action. In California, DMV registration suspensions and reinstatements are administered through the vehicle registration system6.
Pricing clock
Your next carrier’s coverage-history window
Each carrier files its own rules for how (and how far back) prior coverage affects rating. Some carriers do not use a coverage-history factor at all. Louisiana statutorily blocks solely-first-lapse surcharges and provides a five-year continuous-coverage reset4.
Eligibility clock
Standard vs. nonstandard market
A lengthy or recent lapse can push a driver into the nonstandard market temporarily. As continuous coverage from the new bind date accumulates and any DMV-recorded event ages, standard-market eligibility returns; the timeline is carrier and state specific.
What actually counts as a lapse
Not every policy change is a lapse. Four common events end a policy, and only some of them leave a gap:
- Cancellation. The policy is terminated before the end of the paid term. State insurance codes limit the reasons an insurer may cancel mid-term and require notice; the NAIC model requires at least ten days’ notice for a nonpayment cancellation2.
- Nonrenewal. The insurer honors the current term and does not offer a renewal for the next one. NAIC model rules for personal lines require at least forty-five days’ notice before the end of the policy term2. A nonrenewal is not a mid-term cancellation.
- Expiration. The term ends and the insured does not renew (nor accept a renewal offer). This produces a lapse whether or not a new insurer is lined up, unless the new policy attaches the same day.
- Voluntary cancellation by the insured. The insured cancels before the term end (for example, when selling the vehicle or moving out of state). This produces a lapse for the vehicle if the vehicle is still registered and no replacement policy is bound.
The gap between the effective end of the old policy and the attachment of the new one is what carriers and DMVs treat as the lapse. Same-day bind avoids that gap even when the term actually ended.
Cancellation, nonrenewal, and expiration
These three are frequently confused, but they matter differently after a lapse.
- Mid-term cancellation. Personal-lines statutes typically restrict mid-term cancellation to grounds such as nonpayment of premium, material misrepresentation on the application, driver’s license suspension or revocation, and specific underwriting reasons defined by statute2. Nonpayment is the single most common cancellation reason for personal auto.
- Nonrenewal. The insurer chooses not to continue the policy at the end of the term. Under NAIC model rules, personal-lines nonrenewal requires at least forty-five days’ notice; state adoption varies2.
- Expiration. The policy term simply ends. Whether this becomes a lapse depends on what happens next.
Missed-payment lapse and the grace period question
A missed payment is the single most common cause of a personal-auto lapse. Two mechanics matter:
- Grace period. Where a grace period applies, the policy remains in force for a specified window past the due date. Grace periods are governed by the policy contract and state law. NAIC model regulations provide for grace periods in personal-lines property and casualty; the specific length is state-adopted and carrier-filed. There is no single universal grace period.
- Cancellation for nonpayment. If the premium is not paid by the end of any applicable grace period, the insurer may cancel for nonpayment. NAIC model rules require at least ten days’ written notice, mailed to the last known address, before the cancellation effective date2. Payment before the effective date can sometimes prevent cancellation; payment after the effective date is the reinstatement question, not the cancellation question.
Whether reinstatement may be possible
Reinstatement is the process of returning a lapsed or cancelled policy to in-force status. It is not the same as the grace period; the grace period defers cancellation consequences during a defined window, while reinstatement addresses a policy that has already lapsed.
- Contract and state law drive the window. Some carriers accept reinstatement within a defined window (often days, sometimes longer) with all past-due premium paid. Others require a new application, particularly if the lapse extended beyond a set threshold.
- Effective date matters. Some carriers reinstate with no lapse in coverage (retroactive reinstatement, subject to a signed no-loss statement); some reinstate only prospectively, meaning a gap remains recorded even though the same carrier is now covering the vehicle again.
- Fees and premium. Reinstatement commonly requires all past-due premium plus a reinstatement fee. The exact number is set by the carrier’s filed rates and by state DOI approval.
If reinstatement with the old carrier is not available or not favorable, replacement with a new carrier is the other path. Standard NAIC shopping inputs apply1.
How a lapse can affect underwriting or premium
The honest answer here is: sometimes, and how much depends.
- Prior-coverage rating factor. Some carriers use prior insurance history as a rating input where state law permits; others do not. III describes insurance scoring and similar underwriting inputs as state-dependent tools with rules that vary meaningfully across jurisdictions8.
- State restriction. Some state statutes constrain the practice. Louisiana specifically prohibits a carrier from surcharging solely on the basis of a first lapse and requires the insurer to treat the next lapse as a first lapse after five consecutive years of continuous coverage4. This is one state’s statutory rule, not a national norm.
- Standard vs. nonstandard market. A lengthy or recent lapse can push a driver into the nonstandard market temporarily, with a different rate structure than the standard market. The premium change reflects a market shift as well as any surcharge inside the same rate plan.
For how insurers structure rating inputs more generally, see our how insurers calculate rates guide. This page does not attempt to quantify the premium change after a lapse.
What happens if the vehicle was driven uninsured
State consequences of driving without required liability insurance vary significantly. Two worked examples with primary sources:
- California (registration side). California DMV can suspend the vehicle registration when the DMV is notified that the policy was cancelled and a replacement policy is not submitted within forty-five days6. The DMV administers reinstatement through its vehicle registration system.
- Texas (SR-22 side). Texas DPS requires SR-22 filing after a second or subsequent conviction for no motor vehicle liability insurance, after crash-suspension, or after a civil judgment. The filing period is two years from the date that triggered the requirement5.
These are two state examples, not a national rule. Other state DMVs administer different consequences ranging from license suspension to fine-only. Verify with your state DMV for the specific consequences you face.
If the vehicle was not driven, say so on the record where the state allows. California DMV accepts an Affidavit of Non-Use (REG 5090) when the vehicle will not be operated and is not parked on a California roadway. Filing the ANU before cancelling insurance avoids the registration suspension that would otherwise follow a cancellation with no replacement policy7. This is a California mechanic; other states have their own procedures or none at all.
Registration and license consequences (state-specific)
The state DMV cares primarily about proof of coverage on a registered vehicle. The two most common state actions are:
- Vehicle registration suspension. Applied when the state has electronic notification that coverage lapsed. California is the primary worked example above6.
- Driver’s license consequences. Applied in some states when a no-insurance conviction, a crash-suspension, or an unsatisfied judgment is on the driver’s record. Texas SR-22 triggers illustrate one set5.
Neither action is universal. Some states use only fines; some have neither registration suspension nor license action by default. For state-specific detail see our state guides and the state DMV directly.
When SR-22 becomes relevant (and when it does not)
SR-22 requirements are triggered by state events, not by a lapse itself. Common triggers named across state programs include DUI or DWI, driving without insurance (typically on a second or subsequent conviction), driving with a suspended or revoked license, and certain court-ordered outcomes after serious violations5.
- If your lapse was tied to one of those events (for example, you were cited for no insurance while uninsured): SR-22 may become part of your reinstatement path. Your state DMV, not your insurance carrier, is the authority on whether it applies.
- If your lapse was a simple missed payment or intentional cancellation with no ticket or crash: SR-22 is not usually required. The lapse is an underwriting and DMV-registration question, not a filing question.
SR-22 mechanics after a DUI specifically are treated in our after-DUI guide. A dedicated "What is SR-22?" explainer is planned as a future Question page.
Financed and leased vehicle consequences
If the lapsed policy was on a financed or leased vehicle, the lender or lessor’s requirements attach immediately. Two mechanisms matter:
- Notice to the lender. The lender or lessor named on the policy typically receives cancellation notification directly from the insurer. Their contract requires you to maintain coverage; a lapse can put you in default.
- Force-placed insurance. CFPB describes force-placed insurance as coverage the lender obtains when the borrower fails to maintain required vehicle insurance, protecting only the lender and being usually much more expensive than a policy the borrower could obtain independently3. Force-placed policies do not cover liability to third parties or the borrower’s personal belongings.
The practical implication is that binding replacement coverage quickly, with the lender or lessor still named as lienholder, is materially cheaper than allowing force-placed coverage to attach.
What to do before requesting replacement coverage
- Confirm the effective end date of the old policy. Ask your prior carrier in writing. Reason: the effective end date is the start of the gap, and knowing it precisely lets you bind replacement coverage effective the earliest date the new carrier will accept.
- Check registration and license status. For California, use the DMV registration status tool6. For other states, check your state DMV’s online status portal. Address any suspension before driving.
- Decide on the vehicle-in-use question. If the vehicle will not be operated for a period, evaluate whether your state offers an affidavit-of-non-use path (California is the primary example7) so a temporary lapse of insurance does not become a registration suspension.
- Gather the reason. Be prepared to state, honestly, why the previous policy ended. Nonpayment, nonrenewal by insurer, expiration, and voluntary cancellation lead to different underwriting handling.
What information to give the new insurer
NAIC’s Shopping Tool identifies vehicle description and use, driver’s license number, number of drivers in the household, and the coverages and limits you want as the standard inputs1. After a lapse, three additional inputs commonly matter:
- Prior carrier and effective end date. Some carriers verify prior coverage electronically; give accurate information.
- Reason for the lapse. Nonpayment, nonrenewal by insurer, voluntary cancellation, sale of vehicle, move out of state, and vehicle stored are all different from an underwriting perspective.
- Any DMV action. Registration suspension, license suspension, or SR-22 requirement changes what the new insurer will file with the state on your behalf.
Effective date and avoiding another gap
- Bind before the effective date of any DMV action. A pending registration suspension or license consequence can escalate quickly. Bind coverage first, then work the state process from an insured posture.
- Verify the effective time. Policies often attach at 12:01 AM local time on the effective date, but some carriers use the bind time. If you plan to drive the same day, confirm the effective time on the declarations page before you drive.
- Set up autopay on the account funding the new policy. The single missed payment is the most common cause of a lapse. Autopay is a cheap safeguard against a second gap.
- Diarize renewal. The first renewal after a lapse is where a carrier’s coverage-history factor often applies most heavily. Reshopping at first renewal is a low-cost check on whether the market has moved for your profile.
What we verified for this page
- StrongNAIC personal-lines model notice timeframes (nonpayment cancellation notice at least ten days before effective date; nonrenewal notice at least forty-five days before end of term; mid-term cancellation limited to statutory grounds) verified against NAIC Model Regulation #725. State adoption varies; the page frames these as NAIC model values rather than universal state law.
- StrongCalifornia registration-suspension mechanics (DMV can suspend when a cancellation notification is received and replacement is not submitted within forty-five days) verified against California DMV Vehicle Registration Suspensions and Insurance Program FAQs.
- StrongCalifornia Affidavit of Non-Use (REG 5090) path for a vehicle that will not be operated and is not parked on a California roadway, verified against the California DMV ANU page.
- StrongTexas SR-22 triggers (second or subsequent no-insurance conviction, crash-suspension, civil judgment) and two-year filing period verified against Texas Department of Public Safety.
- StrongLouisiana first-lapse protection (insurer may not surcharge solely on the basis of a first lapse; five-year continuous-coverage reset) verified against Louisiana Revised Statutes.
- StrongCFPB definition of force-placed insurance (obtained by lender when borrower fails to obtain or maintain required vehicle insurance; protects only the lender; usually much more expensive) verified against the CFPB consumer explainer.
- ModerateGrace-period existence and general framing. NAIC model regulations provide for grace periods in personal-lines property and casualty; specific durations are state-adopted and carrier-filed. The page does not publish a universal grace-period length.
- ModeratePrior-coverage rating factor use. Presented as carrier and state specific, with Louisiana as a labelled state example. III describes insurance-scoring and similar tools as state-dependent; the page does not publish a national percentage or a national rule.
- LimitedDeliberately omitted from V1. A universal "% increase after a lapse" figure; a claim that every lapse causes a surcharge; a claim that every lapse requires SR-22; a universal grace-period length; a universal reinstatement window; a universal cancellation-notice period as state law; a 50-state driving-uninsured consequences matrix; carrier-specific coverage-history factors. Each belongs on Cost, State, Provider Review, or a future Question page.
- LimitedNamed author and expert reviewer. V1 attributes to “YesWeSure Editorial.” A named auto-insurance editor and a licensed expert reviewer are tracked as a pre-launch YMYL item across all reference families.
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Compare car insurance quotesThis page is informational and does not constitute legal, tax, or insurance advice. Cancellation, nonrenewal, reinstatement, and driving-uninsured consequences vary by state, carrier, and vehicle status. Verify current requirements with your state DMV, state DOI, or a licensed attorney. YesWeSure may receive compensation when readers use quote-comparison links. Compensation does not influence the statutory, regulatory, or evidentiary information on this page or the sources cited above. See our advertiser disclosure and editorial standards.
Common questions
How long can I go without insurance?
There is no universal safe window. State DMV consequences begin on a state-specific timeline (California DMV can suspend registration when the cancellation is not replaced within forty-five days6), lender or lessor consequences begin more or less immediately, and carrier underwriting treatment varies. The safest answer is same-day replacement.
Will I automatically pay more after any lapse?
No. Some carriers apply a prior-coverage rating factor where state law permits; others do not. Louisiana prohibits surcharging solely on the basis of a first lapse4. Comparing quotes across carriers is the only reliable way to see how your profile prices after a lapse.
Can I reinstate my old policy or do I have to start over?
It depends on how long has passed, the reason for the lapse, and the carrier’s and state’s reinstatement rules. Reinstatement (distinct from the grace period) is a policy-contract and state-law question. Ask the prior carrier in writing whether reinstatement is available and on what terms.
Do I need SR-22 to get back on the road after a lapse?
Not usually. SR-22 is a state financial-responsibility filing tied to specific events (DUI, second or subsequent no-insurance conviction, crash-suspension, civil judgment)5. A simple lapse without one of those triggers does not, by itself, create an SR-22 requirement. Your state DMV, not your insurance carrier, is the authority.
What if my registration is already suspended?
Reinstate registration through your state DMV. In California, this typically means submitting current California proof of insurance to DMV and paying the reinstatement fee6. Other states run different processes. Do not drive on a suspended registration.
What if the vehicle is financed and my policy lapsed?
Bind replacement coverage as quickly as possible with the lender named as lienholder. CFPB describes force-placed insurance as usually much more expensive than a policy the borrower could obtain independently and as protecting only the lender3. Same-day replacement is materially cheaper than allowing force-placed coverage to attach.
Do I have to tell a new insurer about the lapse?
Answer application questions honestly. Material misrepresentation on an application is a common statutory ground for later cancellation2. Prior-coverage information is verifiable electronically at many carriers; accurate disclosure is both an underwriting requirement and a claim-side protection.
Where should I look for state-specific rules?
Your state DMV and state DOI are the authoritative sources for registration consequences, license consequences, and any state-specific coverage-history rules. See our state guides hub for an overview and links into individual state pages as they publish.
Sources & methodology
- NAIC: A Consumer’s Guide to Auto Insurance (household disclosure at underwriting; cancellation and nonrenewal framing) (National Association of Insurance Commissioners, TIER 1)
- NAIC Model Regulation on Personal Lines Cancellation and Nonrenewal Notice (Model #725). Nonpayment cancellation notice: at least ten days before effective date. Nonrenewal notice: at least forty-five days before end of policy term. Personal-lines mid-term cancellation limited to statutory grounds. (National Association of Insurance Commissioners, TIER 1)
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: What is force-placed insurance? Lender may force-place insurance when the borrower fails to obtain or maintain required vehicle insurance; force-placed protects only the lender, not the borrower; usually a lot more expensive than a policy the borrower could obtain independently. (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, TIER 1)
- Louisiana Revised Statutes: first-lapse protection. An insurer shall not increase the premium rate or add a surcharge on a motor-vehicle policy when the action is based solely on an insured’s first lapse in coverage; five-year continuous-coverage reset applies. (Louisiana State Legislature, TIER 1)
- Texas Department of Public Safety: SR-22 financial-responsibility filing. SR-22 required after a second or subsequent conviction for no motor vehicle liability insurance, after crash-suspension, or after a civil judgment. Two-year filing from the date that triggered the requirement. (Texas Department of Public Safety, TIER 1)
- California DMV: Vehicle Registration Suspensions and Insurance Program (FAQs). Registration is suspended when insurance information is not submitted within thirty days of a new registration card, when DMV is notified that the policy was cancelled and a replacement is not submitted within forty-five days, or when false proof was used to obtain the registration. (California Department of Motor Vehicles, TIER 1)
- California DMV: Affidavit of Non-Use (REG 5090). If the vehicle will not be operated and is not parked on a California roadway, the owner may file an ANU before cancelling insurance to avoid a registration suspension. (California Department of Motor Vehicles, TIER 1)
- Insurance Information Institute (III): Background on insurance scoring. Insurance scoring and related underwriting inputs are state-dependent tools with rules that vary meaningfully across jurisdictions. (Insurance Information Institute, TIER 1)
- YesWeSure: Car insurance after a DUI (Situation family) (YesWeSure, INTERNAL)
- YesWeSure: Car insurance for first-time buyers (Situation family) (YesWeSure, INTERNAL)
- YesWeSure: How to switch car insurance (Guide #4). Intentional gap-free carrier change. (YesWeSure, INTERNAL)
- YesWeSure: How to get car insurance (Guide #3). Generic purchase workflow. (YesWeSure, INTERNAL)
- YesWeSure: How to compare car insurance (Guide #2) (YesWeSure, INTERNAL)
- YesWeSure: How insurers calculate rates (Guide #9) (YesWeSure, INTERNAL)
- YesWeSure: Car insurance state guides (YesWeSure, INTERNAL)
Evidence hierarchy on this page: Tier 1 (NAIC, CFPB, III, state statutes, state DMV primary sources). No Tier 3 publisher figures appear on this page; there is no fabricated universal percentage increase after a lapse, no universal grace-period length, no universal reinstatement window, and no claim that any lapse requires SR-22. State examples (California, Texas, Louisiana) are labelled worked examples pointing to state DMVs, DOIs, and statutes for verification. This page is informational and does not constitute legal, tax, or insurance advice. Last reviewed .