State guides cover the rules and market that shape car insurance where you live: minimum liability requirements, mandatory coverages, penalties for driving uninsured, the state coverage-verification system, and state-specific cost patterns.
State guides
State guide
Texas minimum requirements, PIP and UM/UIM handling, TexasSure verification, TAIPA, and driving-uninsured penalties.
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California 30/60/15 minimum liability effective January 1, 2025 under SB 1107, Proposition 103 prior-approval rating with three mandatory factors, credit and gender prohibited as rating factors, the Good Driver Discount, MedPay handling, DMV insurance verification, and the CLCA low-cost auto program.
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Florida required $10,000 PIP and $10,000 PDL at vehicle registration under Fla. Stat. § 627.736 and Chapter 324, the 14-day rule for PIP medical benefits, why bodily injury liability is not required at the state minimum by default, FR-44 higher limits after a DUI under Fla. Stat. § 324.023, UM/UIM offer and written-rejection rules under § 627.727, and FLHSMV electronic insurance verification.
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New York 25/50/10 minimum liability plus $50,000 No-Fault (PIP) Basic Economic Loss under Article 51 of the Insurance Law, compulsory Uninsured Motorists at BI limits under § 3420(f), optional Supplementary UM/UIM (SUM) under DFS Regulation 35-D up to 250/500 or $500K CSL, N.Y. Ins. Law § 2335 merit-rating surcharge limits, DMV IIES electronic insurance verification, and short-rate cancellation when the insured cancels.
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New Jersey Standard Policy 35/70/25 minimum liability effective January 1, 2026 under P.L. 2022 c.111, the AICRA choice between Standard and Basic Policy, PIP up to $250,000 with buy-down options under N.J.S.A. 39:6A-4.3, the limitation-on-lawsuit vs no-limitation-on-lawsuit election under N.J.S.A. 39:6A-8, UM at 15/30 minimum under N.J.S.A. 17:28-1.1, and NJ MVC Uninsured Motorist Unit lapse enforcement.
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Michigan no-fault after the 2019 reforms: six DIFS-defined PIP medical coverage tiers (unlimited / $500K / $250K / $250K with exclusion / $50K Medicaid / opt-out for Medicare A+B), residual bodily-injury liability default 250/500 under MCL 500.3009 with 50/100 buy-down floor, compulsory $1,000,000 Property Protection Insurance under MCL 500.3121, mini-tort at $3,000 under MCL 500.3135, PIP priority under MCL 500.3114, and DIFS Bulletin 2019-11-INS rating-factor restrictions.
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Pennsylvania 15/30/5 minimum liability (with a $35,000 combined single limit alternative) under the Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law, the required $5,000 first-party medical benefit under 75 Pa.C.S. § 1711, UM/UIM must-offer with written rejection under § 1731, the Limited Tort vs Full Tort election under § 1705, and PennDOT electronic reporting of policy terminations.
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Massachusetts four compulsory coverages at the post-July 1, 2025 limits under Chapter 275 of the Acts of 2024 (25/50 Bodily Injury to Others, $8,000 PIP, 25/50 Bodily Injury Caused by Uninsured Auto, $30,000 Property Damage), the no-fault tort threshold, SDIP operator-level merit rating under 211 CMR 134, credit-based insurance scoring prohibited in personal auto, and RMV carrier reporting.
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Illinois 25/50/20 minimum liability under 625 ILCS 5/7-601 and 5/7-203, no required PIP (traditional tort state), mandatory UM at 25/50 under 215 ILCS 5/143a with UIM triggered when UM is purchased above the floor under § 143a-2, ILIVS electronic verification under 625 ILCS 5/7-603.5, uninsured-driving penalties under 625 ILCS 5/3-707, and the 50 Ill. Admin. Code Part 919 Right of Recourse for total-loss claims.
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Ohio 25/50/25 minimum liability under ORC § 4509.51, UM/UIM must-offer with written rejection under ORC § 3937.18, random-selection electronic verification under ORC § 4509.101 and OAC 4501-7-08 administered by the Ohio BMV, and no required PIP (traditional tort state).
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Georgia 25/50/25 minimum liability under O.C.G.A. § 40-6-10, UM/UIM must-offer with written rejection under O.C.G.A. § 33-7-11 with Georgia's unusual add-on (excess) UM default, GEICS electronic verification under O.C.G.A. § 40-5-71, and no required PIP since the 1991 abolition of no-fault.
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North Carolina 50/100/50 minimum liability under N.C.G.S. § 20-279.21 effective July 1, 2025 (SL 2023-124), UM and UIM required at policy liability limits (with a $100 UM Property Damage deductible), the NC Rate Bureau managed-rate regime, and NCDMV plate-pickup enforcement for lapse under N.C.G.S. § 20-311.
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Virginia 50/100/25 minimum liability under Va. Code § 46.2-472 effective January 1, 2025, UM/UIM required at policy liability limits under Va. Code § 38.2-2206, the repeal of the $500 Uninsured Motor Vehicle (UMV) fee effective July 1, 2024, DMV electronic verification under Va. Code § 46.2-706, and the FR-44 three-year filing after a DUI.
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Arizona 25/50/15 minimum liability under A.R.S. § 28-4009 effective July 1, 2020 (SB 1087 of 2019), UM/UIM must-offer in writing under A.R.S. § 20-259.01, mandatory insurer reporting to ADOT MVD under A.R.S. § 28-4139, and no required PIP (traditional tort state).
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Colorado 25/50/15 minimum liability under CRS 10-4-619, no-fault abolished in 2003 so Colorado is now a traditional tort state with no required PIP, UM/UIM must-offer in writing under CRS 10-4-609, and MIIDB electronic verification administered by the Colorado DMV.
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Connecticut 25/50/25 minimum liability under CGS § 14-112, compulsory Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist coverage at policy bodily-injury limits under CGS § 38a-336 (not merely must-offer), traditional tort state with no required PIP, and Department of Motor Vehicles insurance verification.
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Maryland 30/60/15 minimum liability under Ins. Art. § 19-509, $2,500 required PIP that can be waived in writing by the named insured, UM and UIM required at liability limits that cannot be waived below the 30/60/15 floor, and the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund (MAIF) as insurer of last resort for drivers unable to obtain coverage in the voluntary market.
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Minnesota no-fault state under the Minnesota No-Fault Automobile Insurance Act: 30/60/10 minimum liability, compulsory $40,000 PIP ($20,000 medical + $20,000 non-medical) under Minn. Stat. § 65B.44, 25/50 UM and UIM, and a $4,000 tort threshold for non-economic damages.
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Oregon 25/50/20 minimum liability under ORS 806.070, compulsory $15,000 PIP under ORS 742.524, and 25/50 UM/UIM under ORS 742.502. Oregon is an add-on PIP state (not no-fault): PIP exists but full tort rights are preserved. DMV electronic verification runs under ORS 806.270.
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Tennessee 25/50/25 minimum liability under T.C.A. § 55-12-102, UM/UIM must-offer at 25/50 BI + $15,000 PD under T.C.A. § 56-7-1201, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and electronic insurance verification under the James Lee Atwood Jr. Law (T.C.A. § 55-12-139).
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Washington 25/50/10 minimum liability under RCW 46.30.020, UM/UIM must-offer at policy liability limits under RCW 48.22.030, PIP must-offer ($10K medical + $10K income continuation floor) under RCW 48.22.085, and DOL mandatory-insurance enforcement.
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Wisconsin 25/50/10 minimum liability under Wis. Stat. § 344.15 (or $60,000 CSL alternative), compulsory UM at 25/50 and UIM must-offer at 50/100 under Wis. Stat. § 632.32, MedPay must-offer under Wis. Stat. § 632.32(4m), and Wisconsin DMV insurance verification.
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Alabama 25/50/25 minimum liability under the Alabama Mandatory Liability Insurance Act (Ala. Code § 32-7A-1 et seq.), UM must-offer at the compulsory liability limits under Ala. Code § 32-7-23, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and the Alabama Online Insurance Verification System (OIVS) administered by the Department of Revenue.
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Indiana 25/50/25 minimum liability under Ind. Code § 9-25-4-5 (raised from 25/50/10 effective July 1, 2017), UM/UIM must-offer under Ind. Code § 27-7-5-2 (25/50 UM BI + $10,000 UMPD; 50/50 UIM BI), no required PIP, and Indiana BMV electronic verification.
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Iowa 20/40/15 minimum liability under Iowa Code chapter 321A, UM/UIM must-offer at the compulsory liability limits under Iowa Code § 516A.1, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and Iowa DOT proof-of-insurance enforcement under Iowa Code § 321.20B.
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Kansas no-fault state under the Kansas Automobile Injury Reparations Act: 25/50/25 compulsory liability under K.S.A. § 40-3107 (PD raised to $25,000 effective July 1, 2022), compulsory PIP benefits under § 40-3103, UM/UIM compulsory at 25/50 under § 40-284, and the monetary tort threshold under § 40-3117.
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Kentucky modified (choice) no-fault state under the Kentucky Motor Vehicle Reparations Act: 25/50/25 liability (or $60,000 single limit) under KRS § 304.39-110 (PD raised to $25,000 effective July 14, 2022), $10,000 Basic Reparation Benefits under KRS § 304.39-020, UM required with written rejection under KRS § 304.20-020, and the tort-limitation rejection under KRS § 304.39-060.
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Louisiana 15/30/25 minimum liability under La. R.S. § 32:900, UM/UIM must-offer at policy BI limits under La. R.S. § 22:1295 (written rejection on LDI-prescribed form required), the no-pay no-play rule under La. R.S. § 32:866 (uninsured drivers lose first $15,000 BI and $25,000 PD), and OMV electronic verification.
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Missouri 25/50/25 minimum liability under the Missouri Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law (chapter 303) with PD raised from $10,000 to $25,000 effective January 1, 2023 (SB 5 of 2021), UM compulsory at 25/50 under Mo. Rev. Stat. § 379.203, UIM must-offer, no required PIP, and DOR electronic verification.
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Nevada 25/50/20 minimum liability under NRS § 485.185 (raised from 15/30/10 effective July 1, 2018), UM/UIM must-offer at policy BI limits under NRS § 687B.145, no required PIP, and Nevada DMV electronic verification under NRS § 485.317 with a daily-penalty structure for extended lapses.
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Oklahoma 25/50/25 minimum liability under the Oklahoma Compulsory Insurance Law (47 Okla. Stat. § 7-204), UM/UIM must-offer at compulsory liability limits under 36 Okla. Stat. § 3636, no required PIP, and Service Oklahoma compulsory insurance verification with vehicle immobilization as a lapse-enforcement mechanic under 47 Okla. Stat. § 7-606.
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South Carolina 25/50/25 minimum liability under S.C. Code § 38-77-140, UM compulsory at 25/50/25 under § 38-77-150, UIM must-offer up to policy liability limits under § 38-77-160, the South Carolina Automobile Insurance Plan (SCAIP) as residual market under § 38-77-590, and DMV insurance verification.
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Arkansas 25/50/25 minimum liability under the Arkansas Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act (Ark. Code § 27-19-713), PIP must-offer and auto-included unless rejected in writing under Ark. Code § 23-89-202 ($5,000 medical + $140/week income + $5,000 accidental death), UM/UIM must-offer under § 23-89-403, and Arkansas Online Insurance Verification.
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Delaware 25/50/10 minimum liability plus compulsory $15,000/$30,000 PIP and $5,000 funeral benefits under 21 Del. Code § 2118, UM/UIM must-offer under 18 Del. Code § 3902, and DMV insurance verification. Delaware is an add-on PIP state (not no-fault): compulsory PIP exists but full tort rights are preserved.
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Hawaii modified no-fault state under HRS Chapter 431:10C: 20/40/10 compulsory liability plus $10,000 PIP, UM/UIM must-offer at compulsory liability limits, credit history, gender, and length of residency prohibited as rating factors under HRS § 431:10C-207, and the $5,000 medical or serious-injury tort threshold.
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Idaho 25/50/15 minimum liability under the Idaho Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Act (Idaho Code §§ 49-117 and 49-1212), UM/UIM must-offer at compulsory liability limits under Idaho Code § 41-2502, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and the Idaho Online Verification of Insurance System.
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Maine 50/100/25 minimum liability under 29-A M.R.S. § 1601 (among the highest state minimums in the United States), compulsory UM/UIM at policy liability limits plus $2,000 Medical Payments under 24-A M.R.S. § 2902, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and Maine BMV insurance verification.
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Mississippi 25/50/25 minimum liability under the Mississippi Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Law (Miss. Code § 63-15-3), UM/UIM must-offer at compulsory liability limits under Miss. Code § 83-11-101, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and Mississippi Department of Public Safety insurance verification.
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Nebraska 25/50/25 minimum liability under the Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-310), compulsory UM/UIM at 25/50 under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 44-6408 (not merely must-offer), no required PIP (traditional tort state), and Nebraska DMV insurance verification.
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New Hampshire does not generally require auto insurance by statute, but owners must demonstrate financial responsibility. If a policy is purchased (or required after a triggering offense under RSA 264:18), minimums are 25/50/25 under RSA 259:61 plus compulsory UM/UIM at policy limits under RSA 264:15 and $1,000 MedPay under RSA 264:16.
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New Mexico 25/50/10 minimum liability under the Mandatory Financial Responsibility Act (NMSA § 66-5-215), UM/UIM must-offer at compulsory liability limits under NMSA § 66-5-301, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and New Mexico MVD electronic insurance verification.
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Utah modified no-fault state: 25/65/15 compulsory liability under Utah Code § 31A-22-304 (unusual $65,000 per-accident BI floor that does not follow the standard "double the per-person" ratio), $3,000 PIP under § 31A-22-307, UM/UIM must-offer under § 31A-22-305, the $3,000 medical tort threshold under § 31A-22-309, and the Utah Motor Vehicle Insurance Database.
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Alaska 50/100/25 minimum liability under the Alaska Mandatory Motor Vehicle Insurance Act (AS 28.22.101), UM/UIM must-offer at compulsory liability limits under AS 28.20.445, no required PIP (traditional tort state), DMV lapse enforcement under AS 28.22.019, and the geography-based exemption for off-road communities under AS 28.22.011.
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Washington, DC is a federal district (not a state) with its own motor-vehicle insurance jurisdiction. 25/50/10 compulsory liability plus 25/50 UM BI and $5,000 UM PD under D.C. Code § 31-2406, PIP must-offer under § 31-2404 (auto-included unless rejected in writing), and the 60-day no-fault election under § 31-2405 that caps tort recovery below the statutory threshold when PIP is elected.
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Montana 25/50/20 minimum liability under the Montana Motor Vehicle Safety-Responsibility Act (Mont. Code § 61-6-103), UM/UIM must-offer at compulsory liability limits under Mont. Code § 33-23-201, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and Montana MVD insurance verification.
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North Dakota no-fault state under the North Dakota No-Fault Insurance Act: 25/50/25 compulsory liability, $30,000 Basic No-Fault benefits per person under N.D.C.C. § 26.1-41-06, compulsory 25/50 UM/UIM under § 26.1-40-15, and the $2,500 medical or serious-injury tort threshold under § 26.1-41-08.
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Rhode Island 25/50/25 minimum liability under the Rhode Island Financial Responsibility Act (R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-31-7), UM/UIM must-offer at compulsory liability limits under R.I. Gen. Laws § 27-7-2.1, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and Rhode Island DMV insurance verification.
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South Dakota 25/50/25 minimum liability under the South Dakota Motor Vehicle Safety-Responsibility Act (SDCL § 32-35-113), compulsory UM at 25/50 under SDCL § 58-11-9, UIM must-offer at 25/50 under § 58-11-9.4, $5,000 MedPay must-offer, and South Dakota DPS insurance verification.
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Vermont 25/50/10 minimum liability under 23 V.S.A. § 801 plus unusual compulsory UM/UIM at 50/100 BI + $10,000 PD under 23 V.S.A. § 941. Vermont is the only state where the compulsory UM/UIM floor meaningfully exceeds the compulsory liability floor by default. Traditional tort state (no PIP).
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West Virginia 25/50/25 minimum liability under the West Virginia Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Law (W. Va. Code § 17D-4-2), compulsory UM at 25/50/25 under W. Va. Code § 33-6-31, UIM must-offer up to 100/300/50 under the same section, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and West Virginia DMV insurance verification.
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Wyoming 25/50/20 minimum liability under the Wyoming Motor Vehicle Safety-Responsibility Act (Wyo. Stat. § 31-9-405), UM/UIM must-offer at compulsory liability limits under Wyo. Stat. § 31-10-101, no required PIP (traditional tort state), and Wyoming DOT insurance verification.
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